The development of high energy materials (HEMs) for civil, commercial, non-nuclear, mining, defence and space applications have been a continuing dream for several worldwide academic and military research groups. Today, the variety and number of HEMs played an overwhelming role in the progress and prosperity of humanity or one can say modern development would be impossible without them. It is no coincidence that Alfred Nobel, who established the modern HEMs industry, also founded the Peace Prize linked with his name. Some of the present challenges that face researchers from HEMs field are (a) high demand for non-toxic and environmentally benign high energy density materials and oxidizers, (b) possible substitutes for classical HEMs and ammonium perchlorate (AP) as an oxidizer since their combustion/detonation products are toxic and carcinogenic, (c) continuing attention in insensitivity to mechanical stimuli, high-density materials, and oxidizers for reduced vulnerability applications and improved stability of materials that are exposed to high-stress conditions under their regular use, (d) HEMs with low visible plumes (smokeless combustion and no observable sign of a missile)